For high school graduates who are exploring paths beyond traditional college, university, or immediate employment, vocational courses offer a powerful alternative. These focussed training programmes provide the skills and knowledge needed to excel in specific industries, leading to both job satisfaction and strong earning potential.
Mastering a trade can open doors to lucrative employment opportunities and provide a solid foundation for starting your own business. Here are 20 vocational courses that can set you on the path to a successful career.
20 Vocational courses to learn
1. Automotive Technology
Automotive technology courses provide comprehensive training in the maintenance, repair, and diagnostics of vehicles. Students learn about engine mechanics, electrical systems, transmission, and computerised control systems, making them highly sought-after in a world dependent on transportation.
Certification typically takes 1 to 2 years. As an employee, an automotive technician can expect a median annual income of approximately US$45,000 to US$65,000 in the US, with variations by region and specialisation.
As an entrepreneur owning a garage or mobile repair service, potential income can range from US$70,000 to US$150,000+ annually depending on business success, reputation, and client base. Examples of big companies in this field include Toyota, Ford, and various large independent service centres.
This field is constantly evolving with the advent of electric and hybrid vehicles, requiring technicians to continually update their skills. The demand for qualified automotive professionals remains high globally, ensuring a stable career path for those with the right training. Whether working for a dealership or running your own shop, the ability to keep vehicles running safely and efficiently is a valuable and enduring skill.
2. Electrical Installation
Electrical installation courses equip individuals with the skills to install, maintain, and repair electrical systems in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Training covers wiring, lighting, power distribution, and strict safety regulations, ensuring graduates are competent and compliant with industry standards.
Certification generally takes 1 to 2 years through vocational schools or apprenticeships. Employed electricians in the US can expect to earn a median annual salary of around US$55,000 to US$75,000, with experienced and licensed professionals earning significantly more.
Entrepreneurial electricians running their own contracting business can potentially earn US$80,000 to US$150,000+ annually, depending on project scale and client acquisition. Examples of large companies employing electricians include Siemens, General Electric, and various large construction and engineering firms.
The demand for skilled electricians is consistently strong due to ongoing construction, infrastructure development, and the need for maintenance in existing structures. This career path offers stability, excellent earning potential, and the opportunity for self-employment, allowing for flexibility and control over your work. The specialised knowledge gained makes this a vital trade in any modern society.
3. Plumbing
Plumbing vocational courses teach the principles of water supply, drainage, and sanitation systems. Students learn to install, repair, and maintain pipes, fixtures, and fittings according to local building codes and health standards. This essential trade ensures access to clean water and efficient waste removal, making plumbers indispensable to society.
Certification usually takes 1 to 2 years through accredited programmes or apprenticeships. Entry-level plumbers in the US may earn a median annual income of approximately US$50,000 to US$70,000, with skilled and certified plumbers earning more based on experience and specialisation.
Self-employed plumbers operating their own service can potentially earn US$75,000 to US$120,000+ annually, with emergency services often commanding higher rates. Large companies in construction, facilities management, and specialised plumbing services frequently employ qualified plumbers.
Plumbing is a recession-resistant field, as the need for functioning water and waste systems is constant. This trade offers a blend of problem-solving and hands-on work, providing job satisfaction and the ability to build a robust client base if working independently. The skills acquired are fundamental to public health and modern living.
4. Welding Technology
Welding technology courses provide hands-on training in various welding techniques used in construction, manufacturing, and fabrication industries. Students learn about different welding processes such as MIG, TIG, and stick welding, material science, and crucial safety procedures.
Certification can range from a few months for basic skills to 1 year for advanced specialisations. Entry-level welders in the US might earn a median annual salary of US$40,000 to US$60,000, while highly skilled and certified welders, especially those with specialised skills like underwater welding or pipeline welding, can earn significantly more.
Entrepreneurial welders with their own fabrication workshops or mobile welding services can see potential annual earnings of US$60,000 to US$100,000+, depending on contract volume and specialisation. Companies in the energy sector, shipbuilding, automotive manufacturing, and construction often require skilled welders.
Welding is a foundational skill for many heavy industries, offering diverse career opportunities from structural steel to artistic metalwork. It requires precision, attention to detail, and a strong understanding of materials. The ability to work on complex projects and in challenging environments can lead to very high earning potential, making it an attractive trade for those seeking hands-on technical work.
5. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology (HVAC/R)
HVAC/R vocational courses train individuals to install, maintain, and repair heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems. Training includes principles of thermodynamics, electrical controls, and safe refrigerant handling, crucial for both residential and commercial climate control.
Certification typically takes 6 months to 2 years, often through specialised technical schools or apprenticeships. Entry-level HVAC/R technicians in the US can earn a median annual salary of US$48,000 to US$70,000, with experienced and certified technicians earning substantially more.
Running your own HVAC/R installation and repair business can yield potential annual earnings of US$70,000 to US$120,000+, especially with a strong client base and emergency service offerings. Large companies in commercial building management, appliance sales and service, and dedicated HVAC/R contractors frequently employ these technicians.
Given the increasing importance of climate control in homes and businesses, the demand for HVAC/R professionals is projected to grow steadily. This career path offers a blend of technical problem-solving and customer service, providing a stable and essential service. The ability to work with complex mechanical and electrical systems ensures a challenging and rewarding career.
6. Carpentry
Carpentry vocational courses teach the skills needed to construct, install, and repair structures and fixtures made primarily from wood. This includes framing, roofing, cabinet making, finishing work, and reading blueprints.
Certification usually takes 1 to 2 years through vocational programs or apprenticeships. Entry-level carpenters in the US might earn a median annual salary of US$40,000 to US$60,000, with experienced and skilled carpenters earning more, particularly those specialising in fine woodworking or custom projects.
Self-employed carpenters undertaking construction or renovation projects can potentially earn US$60,000 to US$100,000+ annually, depending on project scale and client demand. Construction companies, remodelling firms, and furniture manufacturers are major employers of carpenters.
Carpentry is a foundational skill in the construction industry, offering a direct path to creating tangible structures and beautiful finishes. It combines physical work with precision and creative problem-solving. The demand for skilled carpenters remains consistent, providing opportunities in both residential and commercial sectors, and offers immense satisfaction in seeing projects come to life.
7. Information Technology (IT) Support / Help Desk Specialist
IT Support vocational courses focus on providing technical assistance and troubleshooting for computer hardware, software, and networks. This can include areas like network administration, cybersecurity basics, and help desk operations, essential for almost every business today.
Certification can range from a few months to 1 year depending on the specialisation (e.g., CompTIA A+, Network+, Microsoft Certified IT Professional). Entry-level IT support professionals in the US might earn a median annual salary of US$45,000 to US$65,000, with salaries increasing significantly with experience, specialised certifications, and roles in larger companies.
Starting your own IT support or consulting business can lead to potential annual earnings of US$70,000 to US$120,000+, depending on client base and service offerings. Tech giants like Apple, Microsoft, and countless other businesses across various sectors require IT support staff.
With the increasing reliance on technology, IT support professionals are in constant demand. This career path offers opportunities for continuous learning and specialisation, providing a dynamic and evolving work environment. It’s an excellent choice for those with an aptitude for technology and problem-solving, offering both job security and potential for advancement.
8. Graphic Design
Graphic design vocational courses teach the principles of visual communication and the use of software to create logos, websites, marketing materials, and other visual content. Students learn about typography, colour theory, layout, and industry-standard software like Adobe Creative Suite.
Certification can take 1 to 2 years. Entry-level graphic designers in the US might earn a median annual salary of US$45,000 to US$60,000. As a freelance graphic designer or running your own design studio, potential income can vary greatly based on client base, project size, and portfolio quality, ranging from US$60,000 to US$100,000+ annually. Advertising agencies, marketing firms, publishing houses, and in-house design departments at various companies employ graphic designers.
Graphic design is a creative field that plays a crucial role in branding and communication for businesses of all sizes. It allows for artistic expression while providing practical solutions to client needs. With the rise of digital media, the demand for skilled graphic designers who can create engaging visual content is robust, offering both creative fulfillment and strong earning potential.
9. Cosmetology (Hairdressing, Barbering, Beauty Therapy)
Cosmetology vocational courses provide comprehensive training in hairdressing, barbering, skincare, makeup application, and nail care. These skills are consistently in demand in the personal care industry, catering to a diverse clientele.
Certification typically takes 6 months to 1 year, depending on the specific program and state requirements. Employed cosmetologists in the US can earn a base salary plus commission, potentially ranging from US$30,000 to US$50,000+ annually, with highly skilled professionals in upscale salons earning more.
Opening your own salon, barbershop, or offering mobile beauty services can lead to significantly higher income, ranging from US$50,000 to US$100,000+ annually, depending on reputation, location, and client retention. Numerous salons, spas, and barbershops operate in every community.
This field offers a blend of artistry, customer service, and social interaction, providing immense job satisfaction for those who enjoy making people look and feel their best. The ability to build a loyal client base and the flexibility of self-employment make cosmetology an attractive and stable career choice. It’s a skill that directly translates into personal service and entrepreneurship.
10. Culinary Arts
Culinary arts vocational courses teach the fundamentals of cooking, baking, food preparation, and kitchen management. Students learn about different cuisines, advanced cooking techniques, food safety standards, and team dynamics within a professional kitchen.
Certification can range from a few months for specialised short courses to 2 years for comprehensive programmes. Entry-level cooks and chefs in the US might earn a median annual salary of US$35,000 to US$55,000, with experienced and specialised chefs, especially those in high-end establishments or culinary management, earning significantly more.
Starting your own catering business, food truck, or restaurant can have substantial income potential, ranging from US$60,000 to US$150,000+ annually, heavily dependent on business acumen and market success. Many restaurants, hotels, catering companies, and institutional food services employ culinary professionals.
The culinary field is driven by creativity, passion, and precision, offering a dynamic work environment. It provides immense satisfaction in creating delicious food and memorable dining experiences. With growing interest in diverse cuisines and dining experiences, skilled culinary professionals are always in demand, whether working for others or building their own gastronomic ventures.
11. Early Childhood Care and Education
Early childhood care and education vocational courses train individuals to work with young children in preschools, daycare centres, and nurseries. The curriculum covers child development theories, age-appropriate learning activities, classroom management, and crucial safety procedures.
Certification typically takes 1 to 2 years for an Associate’s degree or specialised diploma. Entry-level early childhood educators in the US might earn a median annual salary of US$30,000 to US$45,000. Opening your own licensed daycare or preschool can provide greater earning potential, ranging from US$45,000 to US$80,000+ annually, depending on enrollment and scale of operations. Numerous private and public early childhood centres, as well as family childcare homes, operate across the country.
This rewarding field offers the opportunity to make a profound impact on the foundational development of young children. It requires patience, creativity, and a genuine love for working with kids. With a consistent demand for quality childcare, this career path provides stability and the immense satisfaction of nurturing future generations.
12. Business Administration / Office Management
Business administration vocational courses provide foundational knowledge in areas such as management, marketing, finance, accounting basics, and customer service. These are highly transferable skills essential for the smooth operation of any organization. Certification can range from a few months for specific office skills to 2 years for an Associate’s degree in business administration.
Entry-level administrative assistants and business support roles in the US might pay a median annual salary of US$38,000 to US$55,000, with higher salaries for specialised roles or management positions. Starting your own small business, virtual assistant service, or consultancy can lead to variable income, ranging from US$50,000 to US$90,000+ annually, based on client acquisition and service offerings. Many companies across all sectors require individuals with strong business administration skills for various roles.
These courses lay the groundwork for understanding how businesses operate, making graduates versatile and adaptable to different industries. It’s an excellent choice for those who enjoy organisation, problem-solving, and contributing to the efficiency of a workplace. The skills acquired are fundamental for both employment and future entrepreneurial ventures.
13. Digital Marketing Specialist
Digital marketing vocational courses focus on using online platforms and strategies to promote businesses and products. This includes social media marketing, search engine optimisation (SEO), content creation, email marketing, and online advertising. The field is rapidly evolving and highly in demand in today’s digital economy.
Certification can range from a few months for specific tools or platforms to 1 year for a comprehensive diploma. Entry-level digital marketing roles in the US might earn a median annual salary of US$48,000 to US$70,000, with salaries increasing significantly with experience and demonstrable results.
As a freelance digital marketer or running your own agency, potential income can vary widely based on client base, campaign success, and specialisation, ranging from US$70,000 to US$150,000+ annually. Many businesses across all industries are increasing their digital marketing efforts.
This dynamic field combines creativity with analytical skills, offering diverse opportunities in a rapidly growing sector. It’s an ideal path for those interested in online trends, consumer behaviour, and helping businesses connect with their audiences. The ability to generate measurable results makes this a highly valuable and sought-after skill.
14. Web Development
Web development vocational courses teach the skills to design, build, and maintain websites and web applications. This includes coding languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, understanding user experience (UX) and user interface (UI) principles, and working with various frameworks and platforms. Certification can take 6 months to 1 year for specific front-end or back-end skills, or up to 2 years for a more comprehensive full-stack programme.
Entry-level web developers in the US might earn a median annual salary of US$60,000 to US$90,000. Freelance web developers or those running their own web design agencies have significant earning potential, ranging from US$80,000 to US$150,000+ annually, based on project complexity, client volume, and specialised skills. Tech giants like Google, Amazon, and countless small to medium-sized businesses constantly require web development skills.
Web development is a highly sought-after and constantly evolving field, offering immense creative and technical challenges. It provides the satisfaction of building functional and visually appealing digital experiences. With the internet being central to modern life, skilled web developers are in high demand globally, ensuring a robust career path with excellent earning potential and flexibility.
15. Pharmacy Technician
Pharmacy technician vocational courses train individuals to assist pharmacists in dispensing medication, managing patient records, and overseeing pharmacy operations. The curriculum covers pharmacology basics, medication safety, medical terminology, and strict legal and ethical guidelines.
Certification typically takes 9 months to 1 year through accredited programs. Entry-level pharmacy technicians in the US might earn a median annual salary of US$35,000 to US$48,000, with experience and advanced certifications leading to higher pay.
While primarily an employee-based role, experienced pharmacy technicians can advance to supervisory positions or specialise in areas like compounding, increasing their earning potential. Large retail pharmacy chains like CVS Health, Walgreens, and hospital systems are major employers of pharmacy technicians.
This vital role in healthcare offers a stable and secure career path, contributing directly to patient well-being. It requires attention to detail, strong organisational skills, and a commitment to accuracy. For those interested in healthcare but seeking a shorter training period than a full degree, the pharmacy technician role provides a direct entry into a crucial medical field.
16. Dental Hygienist
Dental hygienists are licensed oral health professionals who clean teeth, examine patients for signs of oral diseases, and educate them on proper oral hygiene. These vocational courses cover anatomy, oral pathology, pharmacology, and dental radiography. Practical training involves hands-on clinical experience with patients.
Certification requires an Associate’s degree, which typically takes about two years, followed by a national and state-specific licensing examination. As an employee, a dental hygienist in the US can earn a median annual salary of approximately US$85,000 to US$95,000. While it’s primarily an employee role, some states allow hygienists to work in schools or clinics as independent contractors, potentially increasing their income. Large dental practices, community health centre, and hospital dental departments are common employers.
This career path offers excellent earning potential and a flexible schedule, with many hygienists working part-time. The work is crucial for preventive healthcare, and it provides a great deal of job satisfaction from directly improving patients’ health. It is an ideal field for those who are meticulous, have strong communication skills, and are interested in a hands-on healthcare profession.
17. Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA)
Physical therapist assistants, or PTAs, work under the direction of a physical therapist to help patients recover from injuries or illnesses. The vocational courses for this role include anatomy, physiology, kinesiology, and therapeutic exercise. Programmes combine classroom instruction with extensive clinical practice in a professional setting.
Certification requires an Associate’s degree, typically taking two years, followed by a national licensing exam. As an employee, a PTA in the US can earn a median annual salary of around US$60,000 to US$75,000, with top earners making significantly more. Opportunities for self-employment are limited by law in some areas, but working for a private practice or home health agency can provide flexibility and a chance to build a client base. Major employers include hospitals, private physical therapy clinics, and nursing homes.
The demand for PTAs is strong due to an aging population and an increased focus on rehabilitation and preventative care. This career offers the rewarding experience of directly helping people regain mobility and improve their quality of life. It’s an active, hands-on role that provides a stable and respected career in the growing healthcare sector.
18. Paralegal
Paralegal vocational courses train individuals to assist lawyers by performing a wide range of legal tasks, including conducting research, drafting documents, and preparing for trials. The curriculum covers legal terminology, civil procedure, contract law, and litigation support.
Certification can take from 8 months to 2 years, often resulting in an Associate’s degree or a specialised certificate. As an employee, a paralegal in the US can earn a median annual salary of US$55,000 to US$70,000. Highly experienced paralegals, especially those with specialised skills in a specific area of law, can earn much more.
As an entrepreneur, one can start a freelance paralegal service, with potential income ranging from US$65,000 to US$100,000+ annually depending on client volume and specialisation. Law firms, corporate legal departments, and government agencies are the primary employers.
This career path is perfect for those who are detail-oriented, have strong research skills, and are interested in the legal system but prefer not to pursue a full law degree. It offers a professional and intellectually stimulating environment, with a clear path for career growth. The ability to manage complex cases and support legal teams makes this a valuable and well-compensated profession.
19. Veterinary Technician
Veterinary technician vocational courses train individuals to provide medical care for animals under the supervision of a veterinarian. The curriculum includes animal anatomy, pharmacology, surgical assisting, and laboratory procedures. Students gain hands-on experience through clinical training with various animals.
Certification requires an Associate’s degree, typically a two-year programme, followed by a national and state examination. As an employee, a vet tech in the US can expect a median annual salary of US$40,000 to US$50,000. Entrepreneurs can earn more by starting a mobile vet tech service, offering specialised services like in-home vaccinations or dental cleanings, with potential annual income ranging from US$50,000 to US$80,000+. Veterinary clinics, animal hospitals, zoos, and research facilities are key employers.
For those with a deep love for animals, this career offers a chance to provide essential healthcare and directly contribute to their well-being. It is a field that requires compassion, quick thinking, and a strong stomach for medical procedures. The demand for qualified veterinary technicians is growing, providing a stable and fulfilling career.
20. Medical Assistant
Medical assistant vocational courses prepare individuals for both administrative and clinical tasks in a healthcare setting, such as a doctor’s office or clinic. Students learn to take patient vital signs, administer injections, and manage patient records and appointments. The curriculum covers medical terminology, basic pharmacology, and billing procedures.
Certification can be completed in as little as 9 months to a year through a diploma program, or up to two years for an Associate’s degree. As an employee, a medical assistant in the US can earn a median annual salary of US$40,000 to US$50,000. While it is primarily an employed position, some experienced medical assistants can take on consulting roles or specialise in niche areas like medical billing, increasing their income. Major employers include hospitals, clinics, and private physician practices.
This versatile role offers a direct entry into the healthcare field, providing a comprehensive skill set that is in constant demand. It is a great choice for those who are organised, empathetic, and enjoy a dynamic work environment. The skills learned are highly transferable and provide a solid foundation for future career advancement in the medical field.
Conclusion
For high school graduates seeking a direct, skill-focussed pathway to a rewarding career, vocational courses present an excellent opportunity. These programmes offer practical training, lead to in-demand certifications, and open doors to fields that provide both job satisfaction and strong earning potential.
Whether your ambition is to work for a major corporation or to build your own thriving business, mastering a trade or a specialised skill can be a strategic and lucrative investment in your future. By carefully exploring these diverse options, you can choose a vocational course that aligns with your passions and sets you on a trajectory for lifelong success and financial independence.
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